What Is Redox Signaling Process And What's Its Importance To The Human Body
Redox Signaling refers to the process in which free radicals, reactive oxygen species and other electronically activated radicals act as messengers in the biological system. It's basically the process that displays how cells in our body respond to oxidants and free radicals. Redox signaling is a consistent and crucial process, through which human cells communicate with each other and carry out vital body functions.
Redox Signaling Molecules - What are they?
There are two kinds of Signaling molecules - "activator" and "communicator". These 2 play the role of messengers and are responsible for the connection between cells throughout our body. Also known as Signaling molecules, they activate the body's antioxidant compounds - Glutathione, SOD and Catalase.
In simpler terms, Redox signaling molecules are substances that are produced naturally within each cell of the body. When the cells are required to perform many functions, they generate 2 kinds of signaling molecules.
The initial set of "activator" molecules trigger the antioxidants stored in the body. Antioxidants are extremely effective in fighting off the damage caused by free radicals and oxidative stress; however they cannot function unless activated by the signaling molecules. Hence you require the Redox signaling 'activator' molecules to make the antioxidants to work.
The second set of "communicator" molecules is accountable for enabling proper communication between the cells of the body, ensuring optimum performance of the immune system and protecting the body against external stimuli such as harmful bacteria, viruses etc. The millions of cells in our body are able to properly function and communicate because of the Redox signaling molecules.
Why is Redox signaling so essential?
Both the internal and external factors such as toxic chemicals, stress bacterial infections, poor nutrition etc affect our health in an adverse way. This causes significant cellular damage and a reduction in Redox signaling molecules. Without an adequate supply of Redox signaling molecules the antioxidants and immune system are unable to function effectively, contributing to a vast range of health ailments.
Scientists and scientists worldwide have been conducting several researches on the Redox signaling molecules to understand more about their structure, impact and function with respect to human health. Let's take a look at some of the popular studies on this subject:
White, Blue-eyed Cats are Deaf
Charles Darwin, the father of evolution had stated "white cats with blue eyes are almost deaf". He suggested that developmental issues with the nervous system might be the cause of deafness in the white, blue-eyed cats. But scientists believe it has something to do with the Redox signaling process, as Central nervous system development is a messenger-mediated process and so is the melanin synthesis.
Thus an imbalance in the Redox signaling process leads to improper melanin synthesis (giving the cat its white color) and causes defective intra-cellular communication (causing hearing impairment).
Research by Hoffer and Osmond
The first instance of Redox processes being engaged in cell signaling was given by Hoffer and Osmond. As per the Adrenochrome hypothesis, "psychoactive oxidative products of catecholamines (adrenochromes) play a role in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric diseases". While the proposed hypothesis still remains in question, the fact that messenger-mediated oxidative stress can lead to neuropsychiatric conditions, has been proven correct.
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